FINAL

IDE FRAMEWORK, IMPLEMENTATION

CONCEPT, AND RATIONALE REPORT

for the

DOD CALS IDE PROJECT

An MVP Joint Venture

May 1997

Submitted by

ManTech Advanced Technology Systems

West Virginia Technology Applications Operations Center

1000 Technology Drive, Suite 3310

Fairmont, West Virginia 26554

In support of

Contract DAAB10-94-D-0503-0048

and in compliance with

CDRL Sequence Number A015

______________________	______________________
Robert S. Kidwell	Jack G. Richman
Technical Director	Project Manager
DoD CALS IDE Project	DoD CALS IDE Project

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1.2 CALS Information Products

1.3 Integrated Data Environment Framework and the Role Of Technologies

1.4 Document Overview

1.5 Summary

2.0 CALS REQUIREMENTS AND HIGH LEVEL OBJECT ORIENTED

ARCHITECTURE MODEL

2.1 CALS Requirements

2.2 Object Model Architecture

2.3 CALS/SIF Information Classes

2.3.1 Security Class

2.3.1.1 Class Attributes

2.3.1.2 Class Methods

2.3.1.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.1.4 Security Class Associations

2.3.1.5 Use Cases

2.3.2 Configuration Management

2.3.2.1 Class Attributes

2.3.2.2 Class Methods

2.3.2.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.2.4 Class Associations

2.3.3 Resources Class

2.3.3.1 Class Attributes

2.3.3.2 Class Methods

2.3.3.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.3.4 Class Associations

2.3.4 Systems Engineering

2.3.4.1 Class Attributes

2.3.4.2 Class Methods

2.3.4.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.4.4 Class Associations

2.3.5 Standards/Specifications

2.3.5.1 Class Attributes

2.3.5.2 Class Methods

2.3.5.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.5.4 Class Associations

2.3.6 CALS Common System Object Hierarchy

2.3.6.1 System Object Class Attributes

2.3.6.2 Class Methods

2.3.6.3 Class Inheritance

2.3.6.4 Class Associations

2.4 Object Request Broker Role

2.5 CALS/SIF Application Objects

2.6 CORBA Facilities Supporting CALS

2.7 Other CORBA Services Supporting CALS

2.8 CORBA Standards/Specifications

2.9 CORBA Issues

3.0 CALS SERVICES FRAMEWORK

3.1 SIF Application Requirements

3.1.1 Acquisition/Management

3.2 TAFIM Reference Model Requirements to Object Services

3.3 CALS Requirements and the Object Request Broker Services

3.3.1 ORB Interoperability (ORB <--> ORB)

3.3.2 Interface Definition Language (IDL) Services

3.3.3 Interface Repository Services

3.3.4 Implementation Repository Services

3.3.5 Object Adaptor Services

3.4 CALS Requirements and CORBA Facilities

3.4.1 User Interface Services

3.4.2 Information Management Services

3.4.3 System/Network Management Services

3.4.4 Task Management Services

3.5 CALS Requirements and Primary CORBA Services

3.5.1 Naming Services

3.5.2 Event Notification

3.5.3 Persistence

3.5.4 Life-cycle Management

3.5.5 Transactions

3.5.6 Concurrency Control

3.5.7 Relationships

3.5.8 Externalization

3.5.14 Change Management

3.5.15 Other CORBA Services

3.5.15.1 Data Management Services

3.5.15.2 Data Acquisition and Interchange Services

3.5.15.3 Graphics Services (e.g., STEP)

3.6 CALS Requirements for Marketplace Clearinghouse Services

3.6.1 Services Description

3.6.2 Applicable Technologies

3.6.3 Related Standards/Specifications

3.6.4 Related Issues

3.7 CALS Requirements for Information Customshouse Services

3.7.1 Services Description

3.7.2 Applicable Technologies

3.7.3 Related Standards/Specifications

3.7.4 Related Issues

3.8 CALS Requirements for Knowledge Enhancement Services

3.8.1 Services Description

3.8.2 Applicable Technologies

3.8.3 Related Standards

3.8.4 Related Issues

3.9 Technology Transfer Services

3.9.1 Services Description

3.9.2 Applicable Technologies

3.9.3 Related Standards

3.9.4 Related Issues

3.10 Industry/Association Services

3.10.1 Services Description

3.10.2 Applicable Technologies

3.10.3 Related Standards/Specifications

3.10.4 Related Issues

3.11 Internationalization Services

3.11.1 Services Description

3.11.2 Applicable Technologies

3.11.4 Related Issues

3.12 Security

3.12.1 Services Description

3.12.2 Applicable Technologies

3.12.3 Related Standards/Specifications

3.12.4 Related Issues

4.4.1 Standards Progress

4.4.2 Current STEP Projects/Initiatives

4.5 Planned STEP Projects/Initiatives

4.5.1 PDES, Inc. PROSTEP Pilot Project

4.5.2 Composites STEP Demonstration

4.6 STEP Products and Services

4.6.1 Integrated Tool Kits

4.6.2 STEP/EXPRESS Services

4.7 Data interface Issues

4.8 Future Considerations

4.8.1 Object Orientation

4.8.2 World Wide Web

BIBLIOGRAPHY

5.0 OBJECT ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES

5.1 Background

5.1.1 Communication Protocols

5.1.2 Session Protocols

5.1.3 Data Protocols

5.1.4 Context Semantics

5.1.5 Issues

5.1.5.1 Stove-Pipe Applications

5.1.5.2 Islands of Automation

5.1.5.3 Legacy Systems

5.1.5.4 Intractability of Reverse Engineering[5]

5.1.5.5 Interoperability

5.1.5.6 Technological Advancements and Opportunities

5.1.5.7 Customer Demands

5.1.5.8 "Vision Thing"

5.2 Object Oriented Technologies

5.2.1 Object Orientation: A Change in the Paradigm

5.2.2 Theories and Technologies

5.2.2.1 Encapsulation

5.2.2.2 Instantiation

5.2.2.3 Inheritance/Specialization

5.2.2.4 Aggregation

5.2.2.5 Polymorphism

5.2.2.6 Object Management

5.2.3 Methodologies

5.2.4 Future Trends

5.2.5 Standards and Issues

5.2.5.1 OSF/DCE [31,32]

5.2.5.2 OMG/CORBA [1,35]

5.2.5.3 COM [37]

5.2.5.4 OpenDoc [33]

5.2.5.5 ODMG [38, 39]

5.3 Legacy, Relational, and Object Oriented Databases Integration

5.3.1 Context Interchange Framework [46]

5.3.2 Interoperable Relational and Object Databases (IRO-DB) [47]

5.3.3 VODAK [50]

5.4 Reflections

5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

5.5.1 Conclusions

5.5.2 Recommendations

6.0 NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

6.1 The Goal and Requirement

6.2 Emerging Technologies

6.2.1 Intelligent Network

6.2.2 FDDI

6.2.3 Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB)

6.2.9 Wireless Communication

6.3 Standards

6.4 Key Issues

6.4.1 ATM Versus Frame Relay

6.4.2 ATM’s Challenges

6.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

6.5.1 Emerging Technologies: Competitive or Complementary

6.5.2 Recommendations

6.5.3 Challenges

7.0 AGENT TECHNOLOGY

7.1 Definition

7.2 Agent Technology Applications

7.2.1 Information Access and Management

7.2.2 System and Network Management

7.2.3 Collaboration

7.2.4 Workflow Management

7.2.5 Electronic Commerce

7.2.6 Others

7.3 Issues

7.4 Conclusions

8.0 COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE WORKGROUP

TECHNOLOGIES

8.1 IDE Requirements

8.2 Operational Concepts

8.2.1 Communication (Message) Systems

8.2.2 Real-time Systems

8.2.3 Groupware Systems

8.2.4 Shared Information Spaces

8.2.4.1 Multi-User Editor Systems

8.3 CSCW Technologies

8.4 Applicable Standards and Specifications

8.5 Key Issues

8.5.1 Technical Issues

8.5.2 Social Issues

8.6 Conclusions and Recommendations

APPENDIX A: PRELIMINARY CALS/IDE REQUIREMENTS

A.1 CALS Requirements by Source Document

A.2 List of Applicable Standards

A.3 List of Applicable Documents

A.4 List of Source Documents

A.5 List of Applicable Object Services

A.6 List of Applicable Technologies

APPENDIX B: REFERENCES

APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS

APPENDIX D: IDE PILOT DEMONSTRATION SUMMARY

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1.0-1 IDE Framework Architecture Drivers

Figure 1.4-1 Application of Object Request Broker Architecture to CALS Processes

Figure 2.0-1 Global OO Perspective of the CALS/IDE Environment

Figure 2.1-1 CALS Requirements Table Relationships

Figure 2.2-1 CALS Object Model Architecture

Figure 2.3-1 CALS Object Oriented Architecture Model

Figure 2.3.1.3-1 Security Class Inheritance

Figure 2.3.2.3-1 Configuration Management Class Inheritance

Figure 2.3.3.3-1 Resource (People/Organization/Teams) Class Inheritance

Figure 2.3.4.3-1 Preliminary Systems Engineering Inheritance Class Structure

Figure 2.3.5.3-1 Preliminary Standard/Specification Inheritance Class Structure

Figure 2.3.6-1 CALS Common System Object Architecture

Figure 2.3.6.3-1 Preliminary System Object Class Inheritance

Figure 2.3.6.4-1 Associations of CALS Common System Object Class

Figure 2.4-1 Object Request Broker Components

Figure 2.6-1 CORBA Facilities Tailored to CALS

Figure 2.7-1 Object Services Architecture

Figure 3.0-1 Data Management in the Virtual Enterprise Shared Information Framework

Figure 3.2-1 DoD Detailed Technical Reference Model (TRM)

Figure 3.3-1 The Structure of a CORBA 2.0 ORB

Figure 3.3.1-1 InterORB Interoperability via UNO Architecture

Figure 3.4-1 CORBA Facilities Architecture with CALS Vertical Applications

Figure 3.5-1 Object Services Architecture

Figure 3.6-1 The Four Cornerstones of CALS Data Interchange

Figure 3.6.1-1 IDE Market Clearinghouse Services

Figure 3.6.1-2 Yellow Page Ad with a Display

Figure 3.7-1 IDE Marketplace Customshouse Services

Figure 3.8.1-1 IDE Knowledge Enhancement Services

Figure 3.9.1-1 IDE Technology Transfer Services

Figure 3.10.1-1 IDE Industry/Association Services

Figure 3.11-1 IDE Internationalization Services

Figure 3.12.1-1 IDE Security Services

Figure 4.1-1 The Role of STEP in the CALS Environment

Figure 4.2-1 Component Relationships in the STEP Architecture

Figure 4.8.1-1 Relationships of IDEF and Express to the System Life-Cycle

Figure 4.8.1-2 Semantic Gaps in the Current Development Architecture

Figure 4.8.1-3 Proposed Revisions to STEP Development Environment Architecture

Figure 4.8.1-4 Express-G Model

Figure 4.8.1-5 OMT Model

Figure 5.2.5.1-1 DCE Component Interdependencies

Figure 5.2.5.2-1 OMA Architecture

Figure 5.2.5.2-2 CORBA Interfaces

Figure 5.3-1 Same Information In Different Structural Forms

Figure 5.3-2 Same Information In Different Semantic Forms

Figure 5.3.1-1 Context Mediation In A Simple Source-Receiver System

Figure 5.3.2-1 IRO-DB System Architecture

Figure 5.3.3-1 Integrated Views On Heterogeneous Information Bases [50]

Figure 6.0-1 The Geographic Dispersal of a Virtual Enterprise Shows the Need for Wide Area Networks

Figure 6.0-2 Broadband ISDN Provides a Framework for the Integration of Other High Capacity Networking Technologies

Figure 6.2-1 Interaction of Different Emerging Network Technologies

Figure 6.2.2-1 Bit Rate Comparison of Emerging Network Technologies

Figure 6.2.4-1 Frame Relay Comparison to X.25 Protocol Model

LIST OF TABLES

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Table 1.2-1 CALS Process Areas and Related Information Products

Table 1.3-1 Sample Integrated Data Environment Requirements, CALS Process Areas, and Supporting Framework Technologies and Object Services

Table 2.1-1 Preliminary List of IDE References

Table 2.2-1 Object Model Architecture Features and Benefits

Table 2.2-2 CALS Requirements and OO Support

Table 2.3.1.1-1 Security Class Attributes

Table 2.3.1.2-1 Security Class Methods

Table 2.3.1.4-1 Preliminary Security Class Associations

Table 2.3.2.1-1 Configuration Management Class Attributes

Table 2.3.2.2-1 Configuration Management Methods

Table 2.3.2.4-1 Configuration Management Class Associations

Table 2.3.3.1-1 Resources Class Attributes

Table 2.3.3.2-1 People/Organization Methods

Table 2.3.3.4-1 Resource Class Associations

Table 2.3.4.1-1 System Engineering Class Attributes

Table 2.3.4.2-1 System Engineering Class Methods

Table 2.3.4.4-1 System Engineering Class Associations

Table 2.3.5.1-1 Standards/Specification Class Attributes

Table 2.3.5.2-1 Standard/Specification Class Methods

Table 2.3.5.4-1 Standards/Specifications Class Associations

Table 2.3.6-1 Typical Subsystems for a Light Plane

Table 2.3.6.1-1 Common System Object Class Attributes

Table 2.3.6.2-1 System Object Class Methods

Table 2.5-1 Candidate CALS Application Objects

Table 2.9-1 CORBA Issues Summary

Table 3.1.1-1 Acquisition Management Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.2-1 Engineering Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.3-1 Manufacturing Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.4-1 Logistics Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.5-1 Operations Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.6-1 Support Process Support Requirements

Table 3.1.7-1 Test Process Support Requirements

Table 3.2-1 TAFIM Service to CORBA Component Mapping

Table 3.3-1 CALS Requirements and Related ORB Services

Table 3.4-1 CALS Requirements for User Interface Services

Table 3.4.2-1 CALS Requirements for Information Management Services

Table 3.4.3-1 CALS Requirements for System/Network Management Services

Table 3.4.4-1 CALS Requirements for Task Management Services

Table 3.5.1-1 CALS Requirements for Naming Services

Table 3.5.2-1 CALS Requirements and Related Event Notification Services

Table 3.5.3-1 CALS Requirements and Related Persistence Services

Table 3.5.4-1 CALS Requirements and Related Life-cycle Services

Table 3.5.5-1 CALS Requirements and Related Transaction Services

Table 3.5.6-1 CALS Requirements and Related Object Concurrency Control Services

Table 3.5.7-1 CALS Requirements and Related Relationship Services

Table 3.5.8-1 CALS Requirements and Related Externalization Services

Table 3.5.9-1 CALS Requirements and Related Object Query Services

Table 3.5.10-1 CALS Requirements and Related Object Licensing Services

Table 3.5.11-1 CALS Requirements and Related Object Properties Services

Table 3.5.12-1 CALS Requirements and Related Security Services

Table 3.5.13-1 CALS Requirements for Time Services

Table 3.5.14-1 CALS Requirements for Change Management

Table 3.5.15.1-1 CALS Requirements and Related Data Management Services

Table 3.5.15.1-2 Data Management Standards/Specifications

Table 3.5.15.2-1 CALS Requirements and Related Data Interchange Services

Table 3.5.15.2-2 Data Interchange/Acquisition Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.5.15.3-1 CALS Requirements and Related Graphics Services

Table 3.5.15.3-2 Graphics Services Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.6.1-1 Electronic Mall Sampler

Table 3.6.1-2 Directory of Yellow Page Providers

Table 3.6.1-3 Sampler of Business Directories

Table 3.6.1-4 Sampler of Financial Service Organizations

Table 3.6.1-5 CALS Requirements and Related Marketplace Clearinghouse Services

Table 3.6.2-1 Marketplace Clearinghouse Applicable Technologies

Table 3.6.3-1 CALS Marketplace Clearinghouse Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.7.1-1 IDE Services Corresponding to ISO 9000 Elements

Table 3.7.1-2 Sampler of Quality Resources

Table 3.7.1-3 CALS Requirements and Related Customshouse Services

Table 3.7.2-1 Marketplace Customshouse Applicable Technologies

Table 3.7.3-1 Marketplace Customshouse Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.8.1-1 CALS Requirements and Related Knowledge Enhancement Services

Table 3.8.2-1 Applicable Technologies for Knowledge Enhancement Services

Table 3.8.3-1 Knowledge Enhancement Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.9.1-1 CALS Requirements and Related Technology Transfer Services

Table 3.9.1-2 Partial List of Research and Technology Organizations

Table 3.9.1-3 Technology Repository Sampler

Table 3.9.2-1 Applicable Technologies for Technology Transfer

Table 3.9.3-1 Technology Transfer Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.10.1-1 Industry/Association Directory Services Sampler

Table 3.10.1-2 Industry/Association Search Services

Table 3.10.1-3 Sampler of Best Commercial Practices

Table 3.10.1-4 CALS Requirements and Related Industry/Association Services

Table 3.10.2-1 Industry/Association Services Applicable Technologies

Table 3.10.3-1 Industry/Association Services Applicable Standards and Specifications

Table 3.11.1-1 Sampler of International Business Resources

Table 3.11.1-2 Sampler of Trade Regulation Resources

Table 3.11.1-3 Sampler of International Export/Import Resources

Table 3.11.1-4 Sampler of Intellectual Property Sources

Table 3.11.1-5 CALS Requirements and Related International Services

Table 3.11.2-1 International Services Applicable Technologies

Table 3.11.3-1 International Services Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 3.12.1-1 MISSI Access Control Levels for the IDE

Table 3.12.1-2 Security Event Symptoms and Description

Table 3.12.1-3 CALS Requirement and Related Security Services

Table 3.12.2-1 Security Services Applicable Technologies

Table 3.12.3-1 Security Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table 4.4.1-1 Standards Development Status for STEP Descriptive Methods

Table 4.4.1-2 Standards Development Status for STEP Implementation Methods

Table 4.4.1-3 Standards Development Status for STEP Conformance Testing

Table 4.4.1-4 Standards Development Status for STEP Integrated Generic Resources

Table 4.4.1-5 Standards Development Status for STEP Integrated Application Resources

Table 4.4.1-6 Standards Development Status for STEP Application Protocols

Table 4.6.1-1 Summary of STEP COTS Tools

Table 4.6.2-1 Sampler of Organizations Providing STEP Services

Table 6.3-1 Network Technology Standards and Status for IDE

Table 6.5.1-1 Preliminary Competition Analysis

Table 6.5.2-1 Network Technology Recommendations

Table 8.0-1 Sample of CSCW Organizations

Table 8.1-1 CALS Requirements and Related Collaborative Technologies

Table 8.2.2-1 Sample DeskTop Video Teleconferencing Products

Table 8.2.4.1-1 Sample CSCW Multi-User Editor Systems

Table 8.2.5-1 Sample Collaborative Annotation Systems

Table 8.3-1 Applicable Technologies for CSCW Services

Table 8.4-1 CSCW Applicable Standards/Specifications

Table B-1 Preliminary List of References

Table B-2 Object Oriented List of References

Table B-3 Agent Technology References

Table B-4 Network Technology References

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES